Civil Procedure Rules

Under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice, the Civil Procedure Rules ("CPR") is a procedural code, comprising rules and practice directions, used in legal proceedings and designed to enable the court to deal with cases justly at proportionate cost.

The rules and practice directions are known as Parts, for example Part 35 (Experts and Assessors), Part 36 (Offers to settle).

Under the CPR, the parties are required to help the court to further the overriding objective. Dealing with a case justly and at proportionate cost includes, so far as is practicable:

(a) ensuring that the parties are on an equal footing;
(b) saving expense;
(c) dealing with the case in ways which are proportionate;
(i) to the amount of money involved;
(ii) to the importance of the case;
(iii) to the complexity of the issues; and
(iv) to the financial position of each party;
(d) ensuring that it is dealt with expeditiously and fairly;
(e) allotting to it an appropriate share of the court’s resources, while taking into account the need to allot resources to other cases; and
(f) enforcing compliance with rules, practice directions and orders.


The court has a duty to actively manage cases. Active case management includes:

(a) encouraging the parties to co-operate with each other in the conduct of the proceedings;
(b) identifying the issues at an early stage;
(c) deciding promptly which issues need full investigation and trial and accordingly disposing summarily of the others;
(d) deciding the order in which issues are to be resolved;
(e) encouraging the parties to use an alternative dispute resolution
procedure if the court considers that appropriate and facilitating the use of such procedure;
(f) helping the parties to settle the whole or part of the case;
(g) fixing timetables or otherwise controlling the progress of the case;
(h) considering whether the likely benefits of taking a particular step justify the cost of taking it;
(i) dealing with as many aspects of the case as it can on the same occasion;
(j) dealing with the case without the parties needing to attend at court;
(k) making use of technology; and
(l) giving directions to ensure that the trial of a case proceeds quickly and efficiently.


Further information re the CPR may be obtained from the
Ministry of Justice